Hello friends.... How
are yall... I was planning two other post before this but I saw a movie called
"PUNCTURE" a few days back and wanted to do a post on it right
away...
The movie was about a drug
addict lawyer who take up a case about safety syringe, these syringe are single
use and its mechanism protects front-line healthcare workers from needlestick
accidents.
Needle sticks accidents
are caused when a healthcare worker are accidentally struck by the syringe
needle when using it on a patient. About 800000 people were AFFECTED due to
this accident in U.S alone and about 3.5 MILLION worldwide says the 1999
report.....( I know it's an outdated report but the number are still the same..!!!)
And also there are
reports that say that syringes are being reused after throwing away in some of the THIRD WORLD countries, these are the main reasons for the cause of Hepatitis B,
Hepatitis C and even HIV and MORE...!!!
I know that this is an
OLD movie and things might have changed and new laws might have been
implemented, but trust me I checked and there are some countries who are using
these but they are like 1 in a MILLION.
This is a bigger issue
and I, being an individual normal person who works as intern and has a regular
life can't do anything about it.... But it does not mean I can BLOG about it....
u know, just letting everyone know so that they can ASK for safety needle when they go to a hospital next time.
MONEY is the new GOD,
seems like it's true.... I don't fully believe it though, I still HOPE that one
day everything will CHANGE and there won't be any BORDERS and COLORS.... Hope I
live to see that day.....
Good
day friends…. Am NOT a person who really analyses Indian economy deeply, but
this Foreign Direct Investment topic was given to me in a Group Discussion in
an interview I attended few days before and I was not able to answer anything
so I got REJECTED.
This is really a GREAT shame because I always have a
general updates of what's happening in India but I was not able to give
anything in the GD. So, I decided to write about it and share it with you
friends…
This
FDI has been in India from before but people have been protesting it for some
time now. Well people are protesting about FDI in retail market only, which the
government increased the market share to 51% for Single-brand retail and 100%
for Multi-brand retail.
Well
let's see what's Single-brand retail first, it's the companies like Apple,
Levi, Nike and etc. They are the company which sells only their brand of
products. And Multi-brand retails are companies like Wall-mart, Best buy,
Office depot, etc. They are companies which sell all consumable products of all
brands and vegetables too.
Now you know that there is already 9% inflation in India
i.e. all the Indian company are already struggling to buy and sell goods. What
if companies like Wall-mart comes in all the cities, they will start selling
everything cheaper and the Indian companies and small scale retailers will have
to CLOSE down their stores and go HOME.
Imagine
friend we have EVERYTHING we need, but in different stores, what will
happen if they all have to close down. And the single brand retail will only
benefit rich people, I don't see a middle class person going to an apple
store(Do u??).
Well,
now it's time to be NEUTRAL. Our PM Manmohan Singh(I like to call him Silent
Killer…lol) made this decision because the retail market of India in very low
profiting stage compared to other sectors, it's because there are many small
retailers. But due to his decision small retailers have to compete with
international retailers which is next to impossible.
Well we need to attract FDI since we are facing very BAD
downfall in our GDP(which is below 1% currently), but we can't accept FDI into
the economy in whatever forms. People in India are STILL struggling to find a
good livelihood, this decision will only produce more employees THAN
entrepreneurs.
The
government is already giving MORE subsidiaries to multinational IT companies
than agriculture industry, people are selling their lands to meet their needs,
if this continues the country will not have any agriculture suitable land and
they will have to import every grain of RICE.
India
needs serious economic reforms, but for that we can't just put an ‘FOR SALE’
advertisement on ourselves. First we need develop the livelihood of people, and
allowing 100% for multi-brand retailers will definitely be a BOON to economy
but it will only exaggerate the fact of ‘Rich getting RICHER and Poor becoming
POORER’.
Besides
I heard that this decision was taken by the PM because some foreign magazine
reviewed him as INEFFICIENT. I found The Washington Post and The Times
reviewing him as Silent PM and Underachiever. So I don't think these decisions
were made pre-planned or well-thought.
Good day everyone...Recently there has been a debate regarding the Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi assassination
by Nathuram Vinayak Godse was
for good and Gandhi was just another politician....
Me, being a neutral wanted to find out what happened so I
did a little digging in the net and Gandhi
biography and watching documentary and what I found was really stunning which I would like to share with you friends....
Personally I won't support anyone unless I see his/her is truthful....
Me being NEUTRAL....
Well now going through history I don't see any dispute
between Hindu and Muslims in the past before Gandhi coming into the picture....
Maybe there was no record but I can't dig anything regarding that anywhere...
And I also noted that Gandhi in his
meeting always mentioned that Hindus and Muslims must work together... in every
meeting mostly... There is this thing in psychology that when we keep telling
something to a person it will become a hardbound thought for the person....
Reading Godse he has his own
theories for the killing and he too wanted a United India and Pakistan... It
was his DYING wish...!! Also Godse was a supporter of Gandhi during the freedom
fight.... But it all started during the partition....
May be Gandhi artlessly noted that Hindu and Muslim are DIFFERENT(which
we are NOT) by mentioning they should 'Work Together' in his speech....May be
people thought that maybe Hindu and Muslims are different after all, by continuously
hearing the statements of 'Working Together'... I hope u get that....
But Muhammad Ali Jinnah can't be left behind he is the one
who suggested the partition.... After all he was the All-India Muslim league leader....
Both the G's wanted the same thing so why the Godse decided
that he should take the life of an old man.... Well from my digging I found an
interview of his brother which is actually, I can't believe am saying this but
accurate. This is the interview....
From the interview what he say is right, all through the
history there is no record of religions living in harmony there has always been
dispute.... There has always been attempt to suppress religions by other religion.....
Including Christianity..... (I don't want to leave that one behind)
It was fools hope of Gandhi to find harmony between them in
the middle partition and riot and all the killing by the Jan 13, 1948 'FAST TO
THE DEATH' which is ascribe as godse's motive in HERE ....
it's like trying to glue the pieces of a shatered glass which will effect in
cutting our own hands.....
Gandhi was a reasonable man and his preaching of non-violence
is what gave way for our FREEDOME.... But the hope of unity was lost when there
was the partition and the killings....
But he failed to accept his defeat which was not a reasonable thing....
In Godse case he was truthful from his point of view killing
a man of that status only makes him legend... If he is accusing Gandhi he must
have made the attempt to strip the truth in light instead he just killed him
which is great big mistake and makes this suspicious of his reasons.... Being a
brilliant man finding many reasons to kill him, why dint he think of this??
And the most important thing is Gandhi when he was shot
never said "Hey Ram"..... But some media has noted like that and why
is that, to make people feel Gandhi was a Hindu devotee.... According to Gandhi
his GOD was one and belongs to NO religion.... And he just made a
"uh.." sound when he was shot...
And it's a great shame that being the country following non-violence
principle we hanged the Godse hanging with him the non-violence principle
too....
And friends I would like u to read THIS too.... it's really
informative....
This is just a Random Thought and I just wrote this from
whatever evidence I got so sorry if there was any inaccuracy(Which there is
none).... And this post is not to offend anyone(And extremely SORRY if I did).....
JAI HIND....
After hitting by a huge bug just before the release date (20 October 2004) of Ubuntu 10.4 its been fixed now and its great. I am using it right now and it has many facilities when compared to Windows. It might be different for users but when you start using opensource software you just get addicted to it and learn more and more in it. There are so much features as free apps, safe and fast web browsing, a dedicated music store and much more. Ubuntu brings the very best technologies straight to your desktop. All Ubuntu users get a free Ubuntu One account. Ubuntu One allows you to sync all kinds of files online so
you can access them anywhere. Sync bookmarks, contacts, music and pictures across all your computers. Take everything everywhere with Ubuntu One. The Ubuntu Software Centre gives you instant access to thousands of free open-source applications. Browse software in categories including: education, games, sound and video, graphics, programming and office. Software is easy to find, easy to install and easy to remove. Try the new Ubuntu and be amazed. Its really effective.......
The download link for Ubuntu 10.4 Desktop edition is....
The Visual Studio Express Editions family provides a free, lightweight, and easy-to-learn suite of programming tools that are aimed at the hobbyist, novice, and student developer. Many people in this category will not have had any formal training in computer science, and indeed they may not have any programming experience at all. If you fall into this category, don’t worry – this guide is for you!
This beginner’s guide is designed for people with little or no prior knowledge of computer programming, who want to create Web applications and dynamic websites with the Visual Studio Express tools. If you already have significant Web programming experience, then you will probably not have much to learn from this article.
So what will you learn by reading through this guide? Well, this guide will introduce you to the fundamental concepts that will help you understand how to create Web applications. In this guide, you will learn the answer to questions such as:
·What is a network and how are computers connected?
·What is the Internet?
·How do browsers work?
·What happens ‘under the hood’ when I connect to a Web server?
·What is Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)?
·How do Web sites work?
The purpose of this guide is to help you understand the environment in which a Web application runs, which includes the Internet, Web servers, browsers, network communications, resource identifiers, and markup language.
Don’t worry if you are unfamiliar with these concepts – after reading this guide, you will know much more about them.
Computer Networks
Almost as soon as there was more than one computer in the world, people have wanted to connect computers together. In essence, a computer network is any system in which two or more computing devices are connected together. Even a standalone computer connected to a printer is a kind of network. But for the most part, networks consist of interconnected computers that can exchange information between themselves.
There are two parts of any network that enables computers to exchange information. First, they need to be connected together by a link – this is usually a physical link such as a cable or a phone line, but it can also be a wireless link. Second, they need to have a commonly understood ‘language’ that each of them can use to unscramble the signals that each sends along the link to the other one. You can imagine this as if two people were on the telephone to each other: although they have a telephone connection, they also need to be able to speak the same language if they wish to understand what the other person says. In networking, the term for a common language is a protocol. The protocol used on the Internet is called Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP for short. This protocol enables computers to exchange message ‘packets’ that contain either data or control information, such as acknowledgements of receipt. By exchanging data and control information, both computers can be sure that the information was transmitted successfully, or one of them can resend the information if a problem occurred.
If you consider the Internet as a network, it is obvious that the connection between any two computers does not need to be a direct connection. In fact, in between any two computers connected via the Internet, there are usually several intermediary devices that form part of the connection between the two computers. The most common of these devices are routers, and they act a bit like a telephone exchange. Routers are specialist computing devices that direct network traffic along the correct route towards their destination. You can imagine routers as network policemen at various intersections directing traffic. The diagram shows a network route that carries information between a computer and a Web server via routers.
As an aside at this point, you should note that no one actually owns the Internet as a whole. For a home user, the first few routers along a route are likely to be owned by a consumer-oriented Internet Service Provider (ISP). At the other end of the route, a Web hosting provider or a corporation usually owns the Web server itself and the nearest routers to the Web server. In between the ISP and the Web hosting provider, the routers that link these together form a backbone network. The Internet consists of many backbone networks linked together, each of which is usually commercial, educational, or government owned.
Network Addresses
For routers to be able to determine the correct route between two computers, each computer needs to have an address sothat the routers know where to send the data. In networking terms, an address is a unique identifier for a given device. Even routers themselves have addresses – in fact, for any destination address (like a Web server), routers only need to know the address of the next nearest router to the destination, and they simply hand over responsibility for delivering the data to that router. Eventually the last router in the chain knows the Web server itself and can deliver the data to it.
On the Internet, an Internet Protocol (IP) address is a four-byte number, usually written in ‘dotted decimal’ notation; for example 10.43.172.77. Every device in the world that connects directly to the Internet has a unique four-byte IP address. This means that there are over four billion possible IP addresses (although around 20 million addresses are reserved for special uses). This may seem like a big number, but there are increasing numbers of computers connected to the Internet.
Even using dotted decimal notation, IP addresses are not very memorable. People tend to find it easier to remember names than numbers. For this reason, the Internet has a system that makes it possible for a Web site to have a ‘friendly’ name as well as a less memorable IP address. This is the Domain Name System (DNS), which works by translating domain names into IP addresses. There are many DNS servers connected to the internet, and their job is to act like a telephone directory for the Internet – they look up the IP address for a given domain name in a big list of all the domain names. For example, when you type a Web address into your browser’s address bar, the following steps occur, as shown in the diagram:
1.The browser determines the target server name (host name) from the Web address.
2.Your computer uses DNS to retrieve the IP address of the target computer. It contacts the DNS server and passes the host name.
3.The DNS server searches its list of domain names for a matching record, and sends the IP address back to your computer.
4.Your computer then uses the IP address to establish communication with the Web server.
Browsers and Web Servers
So far you have learned how computers connect to one another so that they can exchange information. Once the connection is established, the next stage is for data to flow between the two computers.
In most situations, the computer that initiates the exchange is called the client, and the computer that receives the connection is called the server. A computer program runs on the server at all times, listening for connections from clients. On the client computer, another program (such as a web browser) connects to the server whenever it requires information. For example, when you request a Web page, the browser makes a connection to the Web server for that page when you click the Go button.
In a typical client/server scenario, the client sends some data called a request to the server, and the server determines the nature of the request and formulates a response, whichit sends back to the client. For example, when an email program reads your email from a mail server, the following steps occur:
1.The client sends a user name and password to the server.
2.The server responds to say that the user name and password are accepted.
3.The client requests a list of emails that are on the server.
4.The server responds with a list of emails, not including the body of the email.
5.The client requests the body of a specific email (for example when you double-click on the email to view it).
6.The server sends the email body.
The client and server must have a common understanding of the contents of the request and response messages. We saw earlier how when the two computers made a network connection, they have common understanding, defined by the TCP/IP protocol, that enables them to send data and confirm that it has been delivered. On top of this network protocol sits another messaging protocol that specifies a common language for computer applications to talk to each other. The protocol between two computer applications is called an application protocol. You can imagine a network protocol like the regulations that govern how to construct a road, and an application protocol like the regulations that govern how to drive on the road.
The most common Internet application protocol is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is the main protocol used in the World Wide Web. You may also have come across the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which you can use to transfer files from one computer to another.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
When a browser communicates with a Web server, it sends an HTTP request to the Web server. The contents of the HTTP request specify what action the client requires the server to take. HTTP supports several methods (sometimes called ‘verbs’) that the client can specify in the request; the most commonly-used methods are GET and POST. A browser uses the GET method when it requests a Web page, and it uses the POST method when it sends data to be processed, for example when you click the Submit or Search button on a Web page.
The following is an example of the information sent back and forth between the browser and the Web server when the browser sends a GET request for http://www.example.com/index.html. Don’t worry about the detail of the request and response; this is simply to give you a flavor of what is going on inside the HTTP protocol.
The first line of the request specifies the method (GET), the web page or resource (/index.html), and the protocol (HTTP 1.1). The following lines are request headers that indicate extra information to the Web server. The response contains a status line that includes the protocol (HTTP 1.1), a status code (200) and a text description of what the status code means (OK). The next few lines are response headers that contain extra information about the Web server and the Web page.
After the headers there is a blank line, followed by the actual content of the Web page. This is the real payload of the response, and it contains the information that the browser will actually display.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The purpose of HTTP is simply to provide a common ‘language’ in which the browser and the Web server can exchange information about Web pages and other resources. The real substance of the exchange, when the browser requests a Web page, is the section of the response that describes how the page will appear inside the browser window.
The description of the Web page that the server sends is in a standard format, so that the browser can understand how the Web server wants it to display the page. This time the standard format is not in fact a protocol, because it does not define how two computers exchange information. It is actually a language, although the distinction is fine: there are rules about computer languages just as there are about a network protocols. The language that Web servers and browsers use to describe a Web page is Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML is a language that is used primarily to format data on a page. It doesn’t contain any advanced support for doing complex operations; it just serves to layout the contents in a readable way on the web page. When the browser receives an HTML page, it converts the HTML description into a screen display by a process called rendering. The browser reads the HTML instructions and “renders” the result to the screen.
HTML is a text-based language, which means that you can view and edit HTML in a standard text editor like Notepad. It consists of the text on the Web page, along with ‘markup tags’ that indicate to the browser how that text should be displayed. The markup specifies items such as the font to use for sections of text, where to display embedded images, and of course hyperlinks that enable you to link to different Web pages. You can look at the HTML for any Web page in your browser by viewing the page source. (To view the page source in Internet Explorer, click the View menu, and then click Source.)
This guide does not intend to teach you how to write HTML. There are many books and online resources that can help you to learn HTML. However, the document below is a short example of a simple HTML page, which demonstrates some important concepts.
DOCTYPEHTMLPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<p>Welcome to the Example.com Web site. We hope you will find lots of examples here.p>
<p>The full list of examples is on <ahref="/example-list.html">this Web page.a>p>
body>
html>
HTML consists of a series of tags denoted by angle brackets around a tag name, such as the tag in the example. At the end of the document is another tag, . The forward slash indicates that this is the end tag that corresponds to the tag at the start of the document. Everything between the two tags is called the element. Inside the element is a element, which contains and elements. An HTML document consists of elements that are nested one inside another in this way.
Some of the elements define attributes inside the angle brackets as well as a tag name – the and the tags, for example. Attributes contain extra information about that tag that the browser uses to render the Web page. The tag in the example above denotes that the browser should embed an image in the rendered Web page, and it should contain the following attributes:
·src. This refers to the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of the image to embed in the page.
·height. This denotes how high the image should be in the rendered Web page – in this case, 50 pixels.
·width. This denotes how wide the image should be in the rendered Web page.
·border. This denotes the width of the border around the image – in this case, the border is set to 0 so browser should not display a border.
Note that the HTML document does not contain the image itself. Instead, the document contains only the URL of the image. When the browser renders this document, it performs the following steps.
1.The browser sees the tag in the document and recognizes that it should display an embedded image.
2.The browser creates an HTTP GET request for the specified URL for the image file, and sends this request to the Web server.
3.When the server has responded by sending the image, the browser embeds the image in the rendered Web page.
Web Applications
The scenario above shows how a browser downloads and renders a simple Web page. Let’s have another look at the HTTP request, so we can see what the server does when it responds to the request:
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
Accept-Language: en
1.The browser sends the GET request to the server. As you saw above, the first line of the request specifies the resource (/index.html) that the browser is requesting.
2.When the Web server receives this request, it locates the root folder of the Web site on its hard drive, looks for a file called index.html, and then reads this file from the disk
3.the Web server sends the contents of the file back to the browser inside the HTTP response.
So if the Web site root folder is C:\Website, then the Web server returns the contents of C:\Website\index.html. Likewise, when the browser requests /images/logo.jpg, then the Web server returns C:\Website\images\logo.jpg.
This system works very well if a Web site does not change its content very often. Every time the Web site owners want to change the content, they can upload a replacement for index.html (or whatever file needs to be changed).
However, the system is less efficient if the Web site contents change regularly, for example if the Web site displays data that changes regularly. In this scenario, it is not practical to constantly create HTML files that contain the data. Imagine if your Web mail application worked by reading files from the hard drive. Every time you deleted an email, the Web mail application would need a new HTML page to represent your Inbox, so that the Inbox no longer contained the deleted email. The Web mail application would therefore need to create a new HTML file on the hard drive to represent the new Inbox.
The solution to scenarios like this is to create a Web application that works with the Web server to create the page dynamically each time a browser requests it. Usually the information on the page is stored in a database. This kind of Web site is called a dynamic Web site, in contrast with a static Web site where the contents are not generated each time a Web page is requested.
When a browser requests a page from a dynamic Web site runs, the request cycle works as follows:
1.The first part of the cycle works the same as with a static Web site – the browser specifies the resource name inside an HTTP GET request.
2.After this, however, things work slightly differently. The Web server recognizes that the file extension is something different than .html – for example, the file extension might be .aspx, which is an ASP.NET file – and it calls the appropriate Web application to process the request.
3.The Web application reads the requested file from the file system.
4.Instead of returning the file directly, the Web application processes the file and runs any instructions that it finds within (see below).
5.These instructions may load data from a database or perform some other processing. The Web application dynamically generates some HTML according to the instructions in the file, and then returns the generated HTML to the Web server.
6.The Web server forwards this HTML content to the browser. The browser itself is unaware that any of this HTML generation has taken place – it just treats the HTML in the same way as if it were a static file.
The exact way that the Web application generates the HTML varies from application to application, as does the computer language that is used to specify the instructions to the Web application.
Typically, however, the file that contains the instructions is a mixture of regular HTML and special programming instructions. The HTML describes the appearance and structure of the Web page, and the programming instructions describe how to access the information in the database. When the Web server processes the file, it replaces the special programming instructions with regular HTML. The instructions tell the Web application how to generate the regular HTML which it will use to replace the instructions.
An example helps to illustrate how this works. Here’s how our static Web page might look if it were generated dynamically by using ASP.NET:
DOCTYPEHTMLPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<h1><asp:labelid="lblPageTitle"Text='Welcome to Example.com'Runat="server">asp:label>h1>
<p>Welcome to the Example.com Web site. We hope you will find lots of examples here.p>
<p>The full list of examples is on <asp:hyperlinkid="lnkExamples"NavigateUrl='~/example-list.html'runat="server"> this Web page.asp:hyperlink>p>
body>
html>
The detail of how this works is not important right now. However, you can see that certain parts of the original page have been replaced with different code that is not HTML (the tags that begin are not HTML). The ASP.NET Web application replaces these tags with valid HTML when it processes the page, so that the result would look similar to the static page you saw earlier. In the ASP.NET context, there would usually be some Visual Basic or C# code that would work with this page to create the dynamic results.
This is a bigger issue
and I, being an individual normal person who works as intern and has a regular
life can't do anything about it.... But it does not mean I can BLOG about it....
u know, just letting everyone know so that they can ASK for safety needle when they go to a hospital next time.
